Passive and active sentence

Passive SentenceDalam bahasa Inggris terdapat kalimat aktif dan kalimat pasif layaknya bahasa Indonesia. Pada kalimat aktif (active sentence) subjek melakukan pekerjaan terhadap objek. Sementara pada kalimat pasif (Passive sentence) objek dilakui pekerjaan oleh subjek.
Pada bahasa Inggris bentuk pasif ditandai dengan to be + V3.
Perhatikan Ulasan berikut!
Present simple
Rumus: am/is/are + V3
Contoh:
Active : Somebody holds a ceremony. (Seseorang menyelenggarakan sebuah upacara)
Passive : A ceremony is held by somebody. (sebuah upacara diselenggarakan oleh seseorang)
Contoh lain:
Some traditional celebrations are still celebrated by villagers. (beberapa perayaan tradisional masih dirayakan oleh penduduk desa)
Many legends are told by old people. (banyak legenda diceritakan oleh orang baya)
Past simple
Rumus: was/were + V3
Contoh:
Active : The King of Majapahit built the castle.
Passive : The castle was built by the King of Majapahit. (istana itu dibangun oleh raja Majapahit)
Contoh lain:
The village was destroyed by a great disaster. (desa itu dihancurkan oleh bencana besar)
The boat was kicked by Sangkuriang. (perahu itu ditendang oleh sangkuriang)


Active / Passive Verb Forms
Sentences can be active or passive. Therefore, tenses also have "active forms" and "passive forms." You must learn to recognize the difference to successfully speak English.

Active Form
In active sentences, the thing doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active.

[Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action]

Examples:

The professor teaches the student.

Passive Form
In passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can use the passive form if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important or should be emphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing the action or if you do not want to mention who is doing the action.

[Thing receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb] + [by] + [thing doing action]
Examples:

The student are taught by the professor

sumber : http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/activepassive.html